Anal Fistula Treatment: Fistulotomy, Fistulectomy, IFTAK, Kshar Sutra, VAAFT, PILTEC and LIFT

An anal fistula is an abnormal tract between the anal canal and nearby skin, often developing after an abscess. Recurrent swelling, pain, discharge or a non-healing opening may be present. Mapping the tract and its relationship to the sphincter muscles is essential before choosing treatment.

Options include fistulotomy or fistulectomy for suitable simple tracts and sphincter-preserving approaches such as IFTAK, Kshar Sutra, VAAFT, PILTEC or LIFT for selected complex fistulas. No single method is ideal for every pattern; the priority is durable healing while protecting bowel control.

The surgeon discusses investigations, staged treatment when necessary, wound care and the possibility of recurrence. Regular dressing, hygiene, stool management and scheduled review support recovery. New swelling, fever, increasing pain or reduced drainage should be reported promptly.